Immunological Status and Oxidative Stress Responses of Kano Brown Buckling Goats Fed Diets Containing Pleurotus Ostreatus–Biodegraded Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum) Scrapings
Keywords:
Solid state fermentation, Pleurotus ostreatus, sugarcane scrapings, immune status, small ruminant welfareAbstract
Ruminant production in sub-Saharan Africa is constrained by inconsistent availability and poor quality of feed resources, which adversely affect animal productivity and reproductive performance. The rising cost of conventional feed ingredients has intensified the search for affordable and sustainable alternatives, particularly agro-industrial residues such as sugarcane scrapings. This study evaluated the effects of replacing corn bran with Pleurotus ostreatus-biodegraded sugarcane scrapings (BSS) on the physiological and immunological responses of growing goats. Twenty-one healthy Kano Brown bucklings (6–7 months old; 9.40 ± 0.39 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments containing 0% (T1), 15% (T2), and 30% (T3) BSS in a completely randomized design over 16 weeks. Parameters assessed included immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG), triiodothyronine (T3), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and antioxidant enzymes comprising superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, malondialdehyde (MDA) and cortisol. Dietary inclusion of BSS had no significant effect on immunological or oxidative stress indices, with all values remaining within normal physiological ranges. The biodegradation process improved the nutritive value of sugarcane scrapings, while inclusion levels up to 30% maintained physiological stability and immune competence without adverse effects. The findings demonstrate that biodegraded sugarcane scrapings can serve as a safe, sustainable, and cost-effective non-conventional feed resource for small ruminant production systems.
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