Polycyctic Ovary Syndrome: Definition and Management

Abstract

Polycyctic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic, endocrine disorder characterised by hyperandrogenism and menstrual abnormalities affecting 8.7%-17.8% of women of reproductive age. Although the aetiology of PCOS is not known, environmental and genetic factors are thought to be factors in the emergence of this disease. Women with PCOS suffer from hair loss, hair growth, acne, facial fat, inflammation, irregular menstruation, darkening of the skin, headaches, infertility, depression, insulin resistance, infertility, obesity and polycystic ovaries. Lifestyle or diet, genetics, gut dysbiosis, environmental pollutants, neuroendocrine changes and obesity are among the risk factors that predispose women to PCOS. Although there is no definitive treatment for this disease, pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used to manage PCOS. Nonpharmacological treatment options include weight loss, improvement of sleep patterns, smoking cessation, exercise, psychological treatment, healthy nutrition, alternative medicine treatments, supplementary food and probiotic use. Oral contraceptives, antiandrogen drugs, drugs that increase insulin sensitivity, statins, medroxyprogesterone acetate, GLP-1 receptor agonists are pharmacological treatment options.